HOW TO USE POINT, LINE AND POLYGON IN A MAP?

The word GIS stands for Geographical Information System. It is a technology that gives us information about various things and places on the earth's surface or we can even define it as a technology that is used to view and analyze data from a geographic/ geospatial perspective. Similarly, there is a software known as QGIS previously known as Quantum GIS which helps in making maps or you can say that it plays a major role in the map projection.

The QGIS is very useful for the Thematic maps. The basic files used in creating maps are:

• Raster
• Vector

In raster files, images contain in the form of pixels, or cells, whereas vector files Points, Lines and Polygons for making images.

HOW TO USE POINT, LINE AND POLYGON IN A MAP?

1. Point: It is used to specify a particular thing or position on the earth's surface, specially used in GPS for the positioning. It is also known as a coordinates that shows the exact location which is very helpful in making maps. The smallest geographical features are well specified by the points where lines and polygons cannot be used. The point is a mark or dot used in the starting and at the end. 
2. Line: It is used to show the narrow features on the map or you can say the length of the features like road, railway, streams, etc. Lines show the shape and direction which is in more detailed manner that it easier for the users.
3. Polygon: It is used to show a particular area or geographical features like a state, particular district, wetland, agriculture, forest, etc. Polygons are the series of nodes that are joined together. The starting and the ending point is the same that means when we draw a polygon we have to end at the same node from where we started.

DIFFERENT TYPES OF GIS TRAINING COURSES THAT WE RUN

Spatial IT Solutions Pvt. Limited  a well established company in Jaipur, India offers different types of GIS training courses under (SISPL). The aim of the training is to generate a proper and good foundation in the field of  GIS so to explore more and more challenges with the GIS technology.

GIS Training programs of various courses related with softwares provide basic and grounded knowledge of both the theoretical and practical field.

Our Training Programs:

• To provide basic knowledge and technical skill for good career in the private as well as the government sector.
• To know about the best use of GIS softwares the field of urbanization and management.
• To provide a unique and strong platform for the students to get employed in the universities in the education sector.
• to know about the GIS world and its interaction with the universe.

Topics For The Training:

• GRASS GIS
• QGIS or Quantum GIS
• PostGIS
• ArcGIS
• MapInfo
• spatialite 
• MySQL 

Other courses beneficial in various streams being offered by the company with well equipped and highly qualified faculty are: Mapping, Network Analysis, Remote Sensing, Digital Image Processing etc.

What in the world is a 'GIS' ?

The word GIS stands for Geographical Information System. It is a technology  that gives us information about various things and places on the earth's surface or we can even define it as a technology that is used to view and analyze data from a geographic/ geospatial perspective. It is a powerful approach towards exploring the world. While working with GIS specialized software's are used for input, storage, manipulation/analysis and output/display of geographic (spatial) information, often using maps or other visual displays.

What in the world is a 'GIS'?

We can explore the world through GIS as it is used in almost every fields like Oceanography, Climatology, Geology, Archeology, Economics, History, Environment, Engineering, public health etc. GIS plays a vital role in an industries and sectors both in private as well as government sectors. With GIS so used across the disciplines and business sectors, you’ll see GIS as a desired skill for a vast number of positions.

There are colleges and universities offering GIS education programs as it gives a lots of reasons, but not the least of which, it could very well get you with bonus point for career in any field. The educational programs likes "geospatial technology program, Geospatial Revolution project, My Wonderful World".

GIS is best used by the students who are from  IT, CS and geography  background.

Hyperspectral Remote Sensing

The advances in remote sensing and geographic information that made the way for the development of Hyperspectral remote Sensors. Imagery Spectroscopy is also known as Hyperspectral Remote Sensing and it is a new technology that is presently being investigated by scientists and researchers and it would deal with the detection and identification of minerals, vegetation, man-made materials and backgrounds. It combines imaging and spectroscopy in one system and it often includes large data sets and require new processing methods.

Like other spectral imaging, Hyper Spectral imaging collects and processes information from across the electromagnetic spectrum. Unlike the human eye that can see the visible light in three bands(red, blue & green), spectral imaging divides the spectrum into more bands. The technique of diving images into bands that can be extended beyond the visible region.

Hyperspectral Remote Sensing makes use of Hyperspectral Sensors. The sensors collect information as a set of images, where each image represents a range of electromagnetic spectrum and is also called spectral band. All of these images are further collected and integrated to form a three-dimensional hyperspectral cube for the purpose of processing and analysis.

The precision of these sensors is typically measured in spectral resolution, which is the width of each band of the spectrum that has been captured. It is possible that the senors might detect a large number of fairy narrow frequency bands giving the possibility to identify objects even if they are captured in a handful of pixels.

Spatial Resolution is a factor in addition to Spectral Resolution. If the pixels are sufficiently large then multiple objects are captured in the same pixel and it becomes difficult to identify each of them. Also if the pixels are too small, then the energy that is captured in each sensor cell is quite low and the decreased signal-to-noise ratio reduces the reliability of measured features.

The acquisition and refining of hyperspectral images is also referred to as imaging spectroscopy.

Applications:

There are a few scenarios that make use of Hyperspectral Remote Sensing.

• Biomass burning: subpixel temperatures, smoke

• Atmosphere: cloud properties, water vapor, aerosols

• Snow/Ice: snow cover fraction, melting

• Geology: minerals and soil type

• Commercial: agriculture, forest production and mineral exploration

More Knowledge Contact :- GeoSpatial Consulting Services

Thermal Remote Sensing

Thermal Remote Sensing is described as the acquisition of image data in the infrared part of the electromagnetic spectrum. It uses the radiations that are emitted by the surface itself. Thermal infrared is emitted energy that is sensed digitally. Thermal remote sensing is used on areas to assess the heat island, to perform land cover classifications and as an input for models of urban surface atmosphere exchange. Thermal Remote Sensing is a special case of reserving land surface temperature which varies in accordance to the surface energy balance.

Thermal data are usually acquired in sequences, where the first image is taken at night and the second is taken during the day. The image that is taken at night is used to monitor the raw emission of the surface and the second image that is taken during the day is used to see what part of incident shortware solar radiation is transformed to thermal radiation and then emitted to the surface.

This principle is used quite often in geological applications and we can study the presence of different rocks based on their thermal capacity. Whereas the domain of visible and near infrared (VNIR) radiation is suitable for monitoring the presence of metallic minerals such as hematite, the shortwave infrared domain (SWIR) is used for the detection of minerals containing OH- functional group. But none of these domains is suitable for observing the major constituents of igneous rocks, silica and feldspar.

In addition to the geological applications, Thermal Remote Sensing image data can be used for :

• Studying the transformation of shortware solar radiation into longware thermal radiation and and evapo transpiration in the case of vegetation.

• Detection of heat loss in buildings

• Detection of the damages of steam pipelines and caliduct

• Detection of the subsurface fires

More Knowledge Contact :- Spatial IT Solutions